Cashew trees have experienced remarkable expansion in northern Cameroon over the past decade. They have recently become the second most lucrative cash crop after cotton. This geographic progression has been largely driven by public policies. However, despite the involvement of multiple stakeholders in its promotion, scientific data on this crop in Cameroon remain scarce. Moreover, recent studies have identified several constraints limiting cashew nut production, notably losses due to fungal diseases that can reach 100% under field conditions. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) in controlling fungal pathogens. The investigation was carried out primarily in the North and Adamawa regions, covering 14 localities and surveying a total of 160 orchards. In each orchard, 30 infected fruits and 30 infected leaves were collected under aseptic conditions and transported to the Veterinary Laboratory of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) in Wakwa for analysis. Fungal isolates were obtained from lesions observed on leaves and fruits, followed by pathogenicity testing. n total, 11 fungal species were identified: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., Pestalotia sp., Lasiodiplodia sp., Verticillium sp., Didymella sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus niger, and Cercospora sp. Among these, four proved pathogenic on healthy cashew fruits. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides exhibited the highest virulence with a lesion diameter of 24.40 mm, compared to 13.54 mm for A. niger. In vitro assays demonstrated that cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) completely inhibits both mycelial growth and sporulation of C. gloeosporioides, Lasiodiplodia sp., Fusarium sp., and A. niger at respective concentrations of 300 µg/mL, 150 µg/mL, 80 µg/mL, and 40 µg/mL. These findings highlight the strong potential of CNSL as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative for managing cashew fungal diseases. However, further trials under real agricultural conditions are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.